The following is a list of U.S.-based organizations classified by the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) as hate groups. The SPLC defines hate groups as those that "... have beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics." The SPLC states that: "Hate group activities can include criminal acts, marches, rallies, speeches, meetings, leafleting or publishing." The SPLC adds that "Listing here does not imply that a group advocates or engages in violence or other criminal activity". Since 1981, the SPLC's Intelligence Project has published a quarterly Intelligence Report which monitors what the SPLC considers to be hate groups in the United States.
The Intelligence Report provides information regarding the organizational efforts and tactics of these groups, and it is cited by a number of scholars as a reliable and comprehensive source on U.S. hate groups. The SPLC also publishes the HateWatch Weekly newsletter, which documents racism and extremism, and the Hatewatch blog, whose subtitle is "Keeping an Eye on the Radical Right".
Some of the listed groups have objected to the SPLC's designation. For example, the Family Research Council disputed its designation in 2010, and the Center for Immigration Studies disputed the SPLC anti-immigrant designation in 2016. The SPLC's hate group listings have also been criticized by some political observers and prominent Republicans. Critics include Ken Silverstein, Laird Wilcox, Dana Milbank, John Boehner and Michele Bachmann.
Types of groups
In its 2014 annual report, published in March 2015, the SPLC counted 784 "active hate groups in the United States": 72 Ku Klux Klan (KKK) groups, 142 neo-Nazi groups, 115 white nationalist groups, 119 racist skinhead groups, 113 black separatist groups, 37 neo-Confederate groups, 21 Christian Identity groups, and 165 "general hate" groups (subdivided into anti-LGBT, anti-immigrant, Holocaust denial, racist music, radical traditionalist Catholic, anti-Muslim, and "other").
In its 2015 annual report, published in February 2016, the SPLC counted 892 active hate groups in the U.S., an increase from the previous year. Of these, 190 were KKK groups, 94 were neo-Nazi groups, 85 were white nationalist groups, 95 were racist skinhead groups, 19 were Christian Identity groups, 35 were neo-Confederate groups, 180 were black separatist groups, and 184 were classified as "general hate groups" (subdivided into anti-LGBT, anti-Immigrant, Holocaust denial, racist music, and radical traditionalist Catholic groups, with an additional "other" sub-category).
According to a 2016 analysis by the SPLC, hate groups in general are on the rise in the United States.
In 2015, the number of KKK chapters nationwide grew from 72 to 190. The SPLC released a similar report stating that "there were significant increases in Klan as well as black separatist groups." According to Mark Potok at the SPLC, Donald Trump's presidential campaign speeches "demonizing statements about Latinos and Muslims have electrified the radical right, leading to glowing endorsements from white nationalist leaders such as Jared Taylor and former Klansman David Duke".
Organized hate
Ku Klux Klan
The Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present groupings.
The following groups have been listed as active Klan groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
Neo-Nazi
Neo-Nazism consists of post-World War II social or political movements seeking to revive Nazism or related ideologies.
The following groups have been listed as active neo-Nazi groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
White separatist/nationalist
White nationalism is a political ideology that advocates a racial definition of national identity for white people (as opposed to multiculturalism) and a separate all-white nation state. White separatism and white supremacy are subgroups within white nationalism.
The SPLC notes that "Groups listed in several other categories â€" Ku Klux Klan, neo-Confederate, neo-Nazi, racist Skinhead, and Christian Identity â€" could also be described as white nationalist." The following groups have been listed as active white separatist/white nationalist groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
Racist skinheads
Racist skinhead groups are a white supremacist and anti-semitic offshoot of the skinhead subculture and many of them are affiliated with white nationalist organizations.
The following groups have been listed as active racist skinhead groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
Black separatist/nationalist
Black separatism is a movement which historically sought to create separate institutions for black people. Some black nationalist groups, most notably the Nation of Islam and the New Black Panther Party have preached hatred of white people.
The following groups have been listed as active black separatist groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
- All Eyes on Egypt Bookstore or All Eyes on Egipt Bookstore â€" see Nuwaubian Nation (2014, 2015, 2016)
- Black Hebrew Israelites (2015)
- Black Riders Liberation Party (2014, 2015, 2016)
- Israel United In Christ (2015, 2016)
- Israelite Church of God in Jesus Christ (2014, 2015, 2016)
- Israelite School of Universal Practical Knowledge (2015, 2016)
- National Black Foot Soldier Network (2014)
- Nation of Islam (2014, 2015, 2016)
- New Black Panther Party (2014, 2015, 2016)
- New Black Panther Party for Self Defense (2016)
- Sicarii 1715 (2016)
- War On The Horizon (2014, 2015, 2016)
Neo-Confederate
Neo-Confederate is a term used by academics to describe the views of various groups and individuals who have positive views concerning the historical experience of the southern secession, the Confederate States of America, and the Southern United States.
The following groups have been listed as active neo-Confederate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
- ACTBAC NC (2016)
- Dixie Republic (2014, 2015, 2016)
- FreeMississippi (2016)
- Kingdom Treasure Ministries (2014, 2015)
- League of the South (2014, 2015, 2016)
- Livin' the Legacy (2014)
- Mary Noel Kershaw Foundation (2014, 2015, 2016)
- Pace Confederate Depot (2014, 2015, 2016)
- Southern Culture Center (2014)
- Southern Future (2016)
- Southern National Congress (2014, 2015, 2016)
- Southern Nationalist Network (2015)
- Southern Patriot Shoppe (2015)
Christian Identity
Christian Identity is a label applied to a wide variety of loosely affiliated believers and churches with a white supremacist theology.
The following groups have been listed as Christian Identity hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
General hate
Anti-LGBT
Anti-LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) or anti-gay can refer to activities in certain categories (or combinations of categories): attitudes against or discrimination against LGBT people, violence against LGBT people, LGBT rights opposition and religious opposition to homosexuality.
The following groups have been listed as active anti-LGBT hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
Anti-immigrant
The groups in SPLC's anti-immigrant category are described as xenophobic, publishing racist propaganda, and/or confronting or harassing immigrants and their supporters.
The following groups have been listed as active anti-immigrant hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
Holocaust denial
Holocaust denial groups are those which reject or deny the history of the Holocaust.
The following groups have been listed as active Holocaust denial groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
Racist music
White power music is music that promotes white nationalism and expresses racism against non-whites. Genres include Nazi punk, Rock Against Communism, hatecore and National Socialist black metal.
The following groups have been listed as active racist music hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
Radical traditional Catholicism
According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, radical traditionalist Catholics who "may make up the largest single group of serious anti-Semites in America", subscribe to an ideology that is rejected by the Vatican.
The following groups have been listed as active radical traditional Catholic hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
Anti-Muslim
Anti-Muslim hate groups are described by the SPLC as groups which exhibit extreme hostility toward Muslims, depicting them as fundamentally alien, irrational, intolerant and violent, and portraying Western Muslims as a "fifth column" collectively seeking to take over the West, and Islam of "sanctioning pedophilia, coupled with intolerance for homosexuals and women".
The following groups have been listed as anti-Muslim hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
Other
The following groups have been listed as other/miscellaneous hate groups in the SPLC's annual reports (year(s) in parentheses refer to the year in which the group is included):
See also
- Hate crime
- Hate speech
References
External links
- Southern Poverty Law Center official website
